1. Why did Hinderburg's advisers agree to the appointment of Hitler as chancellor in January 1933?
His increase in popularity instiled fear in the SPD, and, as comprimise without presenting threat, they had appointed Hitler chancellor. They surrounded him with a conservitive cabinet, for influence on the descisions and on Hitler's ideals himself.
2. Why is the term "totalitarianism" used to describe Nazi Germany?
The government had complete control of the people, and the leader of the government controlled all of it. By dismissing the rights of freedom of speech, religion and party freedoms, Hitler was in complete control.
3. Why did the Enabling Law allow Hitler to overcome the constitutional restraints of the Weimar system?
The enabling law gives excpetions of actions taken in the Weimar Parliment in times of emergency when it is absolutely necessary. Hitler used this to take freedom of speech away, appoint himself president and put the Nazis in power.
4. What was the goal of Goebbels' Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda?
To create an entirely German community that is dedicated to the NSPAD, while eliminating opposition to the NSPAD through "necessary" drastic means. Burning the books of ideology that opposed the "morals" of the Nazis.
5. How did Hitler destroy potential sources of opposition?
Hitler dismissed all who were not of German or Austrian blood, recognized honourably, those who were jewish and non-aryans from government positions.
6. Which laws served as the first steps in Hitler's plan to eliminate Germany's Jewish community?
All jews in Germany were to be removed from work, power and any attempt of them to show pride for Germany. Marraige with Jews was forbiden and the jewish population had no power in the Reich.
Thursday, February 17, 2011
Thursday, February 10, 2011
The Troubled Infancy of the Weimar Republic
1. Explain why several segments of German society never accepted the legitimacy of the Weimar system.
It had been formed by the people who had signed the treaty of Versailles, and the armasist. They had come to prefer the autocracy persent with Kaiser Wilhem II, and hated the terms of the treaty which severly crippled the economy.
2. How did Hitler use anti-Semitism to further his political aspirations?
Hitler had blamed people like the Jewish and Marxists for the defeat of the German army in WWI, stating that they had masterminded a plot to destroy Germany. Their interference had lowered troop morale and they had sabotaged the government.
3. How was the French occupation of the Ruhr tied to Germany's hyperinflation?
Without the industrial region, which was key to Germany, the economy buckled and lead to hyperinflation.
4. Describe "Weimar culture" and explain why many Germans rejected its values.
Westernization had begun in Germany, changing Music, art and literature to be muc like that of the United States. Rejection had begun due to the disruption of traditional values, including equality of women. The NSPD had protested against the film "Quiet on the Western Front".
5. How did the conflict between the Catholic Center Party and the SPD contribute to the political crisis of the Weimar Republic?
Instead of weakening members, those under the KKP had only become more radical. The splitting and distinction of parties had shown that power was too greatly divided along with ideals.
6. How did the economic depression that began in 1929 create an opportunity for extremist political parties in Weimar Germany?
Desperate times call for desperate measure, the radical parties had promised ideals that would ensure economic recovery, as the current party wasn't accomplishing gain.
It had been formed by the people who had signed the treaty of Versailles, and the armasist. They had come to prefer the autocracy persent with Kaiser Wilhem II, and hated the terms of the treaty which severly crippled the economy.
2. How did Hitler use anti-Semitism to further his political aspirations?
Hitler had blamed people like the Jewish and Marxists for the defeat of the German army in WWI, stating that they had masterminded a plot to destroy Germany. Their interference had lowered troop morale and they had sabotaged the government.
3. How was the French occupation of the Ruhr tied to Germany's hyperinflation?
Without the industrial region, which was key to Germany, the economy buckled and lead to hyperinflation.
4. Describe "Weimar culture" and explain why many Germans rejected its values.
Westernization had begun in Germany, changing Music, art and literature to be muc like that of the United States. Rejection had begun due to the disruption of traditional values, including equality of women. The NSPD had protested against the film "Quiet on the Western Front".
5. How did the conflict between the Catholic Center Party and the SPD contribute to the political crisis of the Weimar Republic?
Instead of weakening members, those under the KKP had only become more radical. The splitting and distinction of parties had shown that power was too greatly divided along with ideals.
6. How did the economic depression that began in 1929 create an opportunity for extremist political parties in Weimar Germany?
Desperate times call for desperate measure, the radical parties had promised ideals that would ensure economic recovery, as the current party wasn't accomplishing gain.
Monday, February 7, 2011
Unrest and the Treaty of Versailles
1. Using the information from Chapter 4, what were the threats to the new Weimar Republic? How did the Free Corps assist the government
A like to the conditions present in Russia after its abdication of its king, organisation was limited and power was in the streets for the taking. The threat of communism was great, where popularity was great, as well as miliatry power, leading to revolutions from the party against the newly established government. The Weimar republic used the Free Corps to kill all hostile threats in the revolting cities, to remove the communist party alltogether (in these ares). Also, the issue of the the peace treaty with the allies put an enourmous amount of pressure on the government and people alike, for such an extreme request for war damages.
2. How did the Germans react to the Treaty of Versailles?
The German people were shocked by such extreme measures taken by the allies to compensate for war damages. Germany had thought that they had done as asked, remove Kaiser Wilhem II from mpower and establish a democracy, while surrendering to the allied powers. Instead, they had been blamed for starting the war and were forced to pay for the damage done by the conflict, that was so great that it would not pay it off for over 90 years. Th poeple of Germany thought it not to be fair and blamed their military leaders for the armasist. They had initially refused the terms of tghe treaty and prepared for an invasion.
3. Who were the "November Criminals"?
The November Criminals were the military leaders who agreed upon the Armasist in surrendering to the Allies.
4. Read chapter 5. Why didn't Field Marshal von Hindenburg and the other general fight instead of having the Weimar government sign the Treaty of Versailles?
The military strength was far too low to fight off an invasion, defeat was assured and there was nothing Germany could do to effectively defend itself.
5. What were the major aspects of the Treaty that caused Germans to object so strongly to it?
Over a tenth of the land, people and resources were lost, while cutting down the military to a number far too low to be effective. It also put all blame on Germany and prevented it from uniting with Austria.
A like to the conditions present in Russia after its abdication of its king, organisation was limited and power was in the streets for the taking. The threat of communism was great, where popularity was great, as well as miliatry power, leading to revolutions from the party against the newly established government. The Weimar republic used the Free Corps to kill all hostile threats in the revolting cities, to remove the communist party alltogether (in these ares). Also, the issue of the the peace treaty with the allies put an enourmous amount of pressure on the government and people alike, for such an extreme request for war damages.
2. How did the Germans react to the Treaty of Versailles?
The German people were shocked by such extreme measures taken by the allies to compensate for war damages. Germany had thought that they had done as asked, remove Kaiser Wilhem II from mpower and establish a democracy, while surrendering to the allied powers. Instead, they had been blamed for starting the war and were forced to pay for the damage done by the conflict, that was so great that it would not pay it off for over 90 years. Th poeple of Germany thought it not to be fair and blamed their military leaders for the armasist. They had initially refused the terms of tghe treaty and prepared for an invasion.
3. Who were the "November Criminals"?
The November Criminals were the military leaders who agreed upon the Armasist in surrendering to the Allies.
4. Read chapter 5. Why didn't Field Marshal von Hindenburg and the other general fight instead of having the Weimar government sign the Treaty of Versailles?
The military strength was far too low to fight off an invasion, defeat was assured and there was nothing Germany could do to effectively defend itself.
5. What were the major aspects of the Treaty that caused Germans to object so strongly to it?
Over a tenth of the land, people and resources were lost, while cutting down the military to a number far too low to be effective. It also put all blame on Germany and prevented it from uniting with Austria.
Monday, January 31, 2011
Stalin's Cult of Personality
1. Does the fact that images of Stalin appeared everywhere, as described by Steinbeck in Source 14.8, prove that Stalin attracted genuine adulation?
The sincereity that the people had for Stalin in the wake of his image across the country lacked truth, as in most probability efforts to put Stalin's image in a bright manner were for the safety of the citizen, or the expresed dilusion of an extreme loyalist. It does not not prove the attraction of genuine adulation, but more suggests at the prestige that Stalin had in power over the people's lives, putting his face everywhere.
2. Describe the various devices used to establish and spread the cult of Stalin.
The image of Stalin waas placed everywhere for every citizen to see, as a great leader and demigod. There was a portrait in every class room, statues littered the towns, and countless poems fueled the litterary mind. To further highten and establish a firm base of superiority, images where Trostsky and other leaders, the opposing members of Stalin were removed from the photographs, rewriting history for education and the overall understanding of the world of Stalin and the Soviet Union.
3. Account for the relative success of the cult - why do you think it worked with the Russian people?
It was the only power that the people knew, there had been either no point in resisting or no other ideals that the people were exposed to. The country shouted "Stalin", and there was no avoiding it.
4. What conclusions can you reach about whether the adulation Stalin received was genuine? Make notes of your answers.
Stalin might be refered to as the character that people loved to hate. Although it had been known what horrible things he had been doing, it was still the Soviet Union, the life of the people, and nothing else. After the death of Stalin, the idea of having an all powerfull political guardian, was lost, and in a way, the structure of the Soviet government had been extirpated.
The sincereity that the people had for Stalin in the wake of his image across the country lacked truth, as in most probability efforts to put Stalin's image in a bright manner were for the safety of the citizen, or the expresed dilusion of an extreme loyalist. It does not not prove the attraction of genuine adulation, but more suggests at the prestige that Stalin had in power over the people's lives, putting his face everywhere.
2. Describe the various devices used to establish and spread the cult of Stalin.
The image of Stalin waas placed everywhere for every citizen to see, as a great leader and demigod. There was a portrait in every class room, statues littered the towns, and countless poems fueled the litterary mind. To further highten and establish a firm base of superiority, images where Trostsky and other leaders, the opposing members of Stalin were removed from the photographs, rewriting history for education and the overall understanding of the world of Stalin and the Soviet Union.
3. Account for the relative success of the cult - why do you think it worked with the Russian people?
It was the only power that the people knew, there had been either no point in resisting or no other ideals that the people were exposed to. The country shouted "Stalin", and there was no avoiding it.
4. What conclusions can you reach about whether the adulation Stalin received was genuine? Make notes of your answers.
Stalin might be refered to as the character that people loved to hate. Although it had been known what horrible things he had been doing, it was still the Soviet Union, the life of the people, and nothing else. After the death of Stalin, the idea of having an all powerfull political guardian, was lost, and in a way, the structure of the Soviet government had been extirpated.
Wednesday, January 26, 2011
Purges, Terror and Show Trials
1.What is the significance of Kirov's murder? (This is what I went over in class.)
athe death of Kirov gave brith the the Great Purges, to where Stalin's distrust in his party lead to the removal of many Communist members.
2. According to Stalin, who had Nikolayev been working for when he assassinated Kirov? Why is this significant?
he had been working for, as Stalin said, traitorous members of the NKVD.
3. What is a Trotskyite?
Those who had continued to believe in Trostky's ideas in government and wanted to continue global revolution.
4. There are three major "show trials." List them and a brief description of their significance.
the first was the public trial of Zinoviev and Kamenev for propaganda reasoning, saying that the two had planned out a terrorist act to kill staling and other soviet government members. in the second, 17 were tried, 13 put to death. these included Buhkarin and other important former opponents of stalin. The third accused the Leader of the NKVD of not paying attention and making it easy forthe murder of Kirov. He pleaded guilty. they had also tried Bukharin and rykov again.
5. During the Great Terror, there were three stages to the purges, staring with members of the Communist party. What were the next two stages and what type of people were purged?
athe death of Kirov gave brith the the Great Purges, to where Stalin's distrust in his party lead to the removal of many Communist members.
2. According to Stalin, who had Nikolayev been working for when he assassinated Kirov? Why is this significant?
he had been working for, as Stalin said, traitorous members of the NKVD.
3. What is a Trotskyite?
Those who had continued to believe in Trostky's ideas in government and wanted to continue global revolution.
4. There are three major "show trials." List them and a brief description of their significance.
the first was the public trial of Zinoviev and Kamenev for propaganda reasoning, saying that the two had planned out a terrorist act to kill staling and other soviet government members. in the second, 17 were tried, 13 put to death. these included Buhkarin and other important former opponents of stalin. The third accused the Leader of the NKVD of not paying attention and making it easy forthe murder of Kirov. He pleaded guilty. they had also tried Bukharin and rykov again.
5. During the Great Terror, there were three stages to the purges, staring with members of the Communist party. What were the next two stages and what type of people were purged?
Monday, January 24, 2011
Kirov Murder Myster
1. In what circumstances did the assassin carry out the murder?
Leonid Nikolayev had been a depressed man with poor health. He had been removed from the communist party on occassion and had developed a keen hatred for some parts for it. Also, it was thought that his wife had been having an affair with Kirov.
2. What strange coincidences surround the murder?
The key witness, the body guard of Kirov, had been in a car full of NKVD members where the car had crashed, killing the guard, without hurting anyone else. Also, the deputy of the NKVD had released Leonid Nikayev twice after being arrested in the area of Kirov. Also, a member of the NKVD had been reported to practice shooting the revolver, the one that was used ot kill Kirov, with Leonid.
3. Is there any evidence to link Stalin to the murder?
Kirov had recieved more votes that Stalin in the 17th committee of congress. He had also been one of the best orators in the party, who wanted a break in industrialization for the peasant popluation. His popularity exceeded Stalin, which wuold give Stalin reason to kill him off.
4. Is there any evidence to suggest that the NKVD was involved in the murder?
The deputy of the NKVD had released Leonid twice from imprisonment, as had a member of the NKVD practised shooting the revolver that killed Kirov with Leonid.
5. Who had the best motive for the murder?
Leonid would seem to have had the best motive for the murder, but so many pieces of unclear evidence would show that it seems to be much more to it.
6. What theories can you suggest about who was responsible - was it the assassin alone or were others involved?
It would seem that Stalin would have ordered the NKVD to set up an unstable man with reason himself to kill Kirov, for the assassination, while killing all witnesses of the crime, or viewers of evidence presented by imformation.
Leonid Nikolayev had been a depressed man with poor health. He had been removed from the communist party on occassion and had developed a keen hatred for some parts for it. Also, it was thought that his wife had been having an affair with Kirov.
2. What strange coincidences surround the murder?
The key witness, the body guard of Kirov, had been in a car full of NKVD members where the car had crashed, killing the guard, without hurting anyone else. Also, the deputy of the NKVD had released Leonid Nikayev twice after being arrested in the area of Kirov. Also, a member of the NKVD had been reported to practice shooting the revolver, the one that was used ot kill Kirov, with Leonid.
3. Is there any evidence to link Stalin to the murder?
Kirov had recieved more votes that Stalin in the 17th committee of congress. He had also been one of the best orators in the party, who wanted a break in industrialization for the peasant popluation. His popularity exceeded Stalin, which wuold give Stalin reason to kill him off.
4. Is there any evidence to suggest that the NKVD was involved in the murder?
The deputy of the NKVD had released Leonid twice from imprisonment, as had a member of the NKVD practised shooting the revolver that killed Kirov with Leonid.
5. Who had the best motive for the murder?
Leonid would seem to have had the best motive for the murder, but so many pieces of unclear evidence would show that it seems to be much more to it.
6. What theories can you suggest about who was responsible - was it the assassin alone or were others involved?
It would seem that Stalin would have ordered the NKVD to set up an unstable man with reason himself to kill Kirov, for the assassination, while killing all witnesses of the crime, or viewers of evidence presented by imformation.
Friday, October 29, 2010
In Class: Lenin Between the Revolutions
1. Using Documents C, D, and E (page 2 - all numbers referred to are the big hand written page numbers) explain how Lenin and Stalin worked to secure the supremacy of the party.
Lenin and Stalin worked in a way to use superior power to simple expunge other groups from interfering. In source E it is demonstrated that the Stalinist overpowers the other groups, that he can simply bore through while smaller groups fail to stop it. In source C, Lenin's resolution was passed by the Tenth Party Congress, that ordered the immediate dispersal of all opposing groups, showed the consolidation of power by removing anyone who would go against the government. Source D presents the thought that the proletariat was saved from the Mensheviks, where the ability to have strength is to rid the area of opportunist who would present corruption.
2. In what ways do Documents A, B and C (pages 3 - 4) support the assertion made in Document C that "Lenin wanted power, Lenin's rivals did not want it"?
3. What can be inferred from Document D (page 4) about the following?
a: Why soldiers wanted to go home
b: Why the soldiers now supported the Bolsheviks.
Lenin and Stalin worked in a way to use superior power to simple expunge other groups from interfering. In source E it is demonstrated that the Stalinist overpowers the other groups, that he can simply bore through while smaller groups fail to stop it. In source C, Lenin's resolution was passed by the Tenth Party Congress, that ordered the immediate dispersal of all opposing groups, showed the consolidation of power by removing anyone who would go against the government. Source D presents the thought that the proletariat was saved from the Mensheviks, where the ability to have strength is to rid the area of opportunist who would present corruption.
2. In what ways do Documents A, B and C (pages 3 - 4) support the assertion made in Document C that "Lenin wanted power, Lenin's rivals did not want it"?
3. What can be inferred from Document D (page 4) about the following?
a: Why soldiers wanted to go home
b: Why the soldiers now supported the Bolsheviks.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)